Package 'rurl' reference manual

Title:	Parse, Clean, and Normalize URLs
Description:	A lightweight toolkit for extracting structured information from URLs. Includes functions for parsing, normalizing protocols, extracting domains, and constructing clean URLs. Domain and public-suffix extraction is delegated to the 'pslr' package, which implements the Public Suffix List from <https://publicsuffix.org>. Punycode and IDNA encoding is handled by the 'punycoder' package.
Authors:	Bart Turczynski [aut, cre] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-7980>)
Maintainer:	Bart Turczynski <[email protected]>
License:	MIT + file LICENSE
Version:	1.4.0
Built:	2026-06-21 21:12:40 UTC
Source:	https://github.com/bart-turczynski/rurl

Canonical Join of Two URL Sets (Base R Version)

Description

Performs a join between two data frames by canonicalizing URLs to a shared "clean" format using safe_parse_urls and then matching on that key. This is suitable for large crawl exports.

Usage

canonical_join(
  data_A,
  data_B,
  col_A = "URL",
  col_B = "URL",
  suffix_A = "_A",
  suffix_B = "_B",
  name_A = NULL,
  name_B = NULL,
  join = c("inner", "left", "right", "full"),
  collision = c("first", "all", "error"),
  on_parse_error = c("keep", "drop", "error"),
  join_parse_status = c("ok", "ok_or_warning"),
  ...
)
canonical_join(
  data_A,
  data_B,
  col_A = "URL",
  col_B = "URL",
  suffix_A = "_A",
  suffix_B = "_B",
  name_A = NULL,
  name_B = NULL,
  join = c("inner", "left", "right", "full"),
  collision = c("first", "all", "error"),
  on_parse_error = c("keep", "drop", "error"),
  join_parse_status = c("ok", "ok_or_warning"),
  ...
)

Arguments

data_A

A data frame containing URLs for the left side of the join.

data_B

A data frame containing URLs for the right side of the join.

col_A

Character string, the name of the column in data_A that contains URLs. Defaults to "URL".

col_B

Character string, the name of the column in data_B that contains URLs. Defaults to "URL".

suffix_A

Character string, suffix to append to data_A columns (excluding the URL column) in the output. Defaults to "_A".

suffix_B

Character string, suffix to append to data_B columns (excluding the URL column) in the output. Defaults to "_B".

name_A

Character string, the name of the output column holding the original data_A URLs. Defaults to NULL, in which case the name is derived from the data_A argument expression via deparse(substitute()). Supply an explicit value for stable output names when piping or passing anonymous inputs (e.g. canonical_join(df[df$x > 1, ], get_b())).

name_B

Character string, the name of the output column holding the original data_B URLs. Defaults to NULL; behaves like name_A for data_B.

join

Join type: "inner", "left", "right", or "full". Defaults to "inner".

collision

How to handle duplicate canonical keys within inputs. "first" keeps the first row per key, "all" keeps all rows (many-to-many), and "error" stops on duplicates. Defaults to "first".

on_parse_error

How to handle URLs that fail canonicalization. "keep" retains them as unmatched rows (for left/right/full joins), "drop" removes them before joining, and "error" stops. Defaults to "keep".

join_parse_status

Which parse statuses yield joinable canonical keys. "ok" (default) joins only rows whose parse_status begins with "ok" ("ok", "ok-ftp", "ok-scheme-relative"). "ok_or_warning" additionally treats parseable-but-suspicious warning-* statuses ("warning-no-tld", "warning-invalid-tld", "warning-public-suffix") as joinable. Joining on warning statuses can increase false-positive matches between distinct hosts that both fail TLD derivation.

...

Additional arguments forwarded to safe_parse_urls, controlling canonicalization (e.g., protocol_handling, www_handling, trailing_slash_handling, index_page_handling, path_normalization, scheme_relative_handling, host_encoding, path_encoding).

Value

A data frame representing the join. The output includes:

The original URL columns (named via name_A / name_B, or after the input expressions when those are NULL).
JoinKey: the canonicalized URL used for matching.
All other columns from data_A and data_B with suffixes applied.

Returns an empty data frame with the expected structure if no matches are found or if inputs are invalid.

Examples

A <- data.frame(
  URL = c("http://Example.com/Page", "http://example.com/Other"),
  ValA = 1:2, stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
B <- data.frame(
  URL = c("https://www.example.com/Page/", "http://example.com/Miss"),
  ValB = c("x", "y"), stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)

canonical_join(
  A, B,
  protocol_handling = "strip",
  www_handling = "strip",
  case_handling = "lower_host",
  trailing_slash_handling = "strip"
)
A <- data.frame(
  URL = c("http://Example.com/Page", "http://example.com/Other"),
  ValA = 1:2, stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
B <- data.frame(
  URL = c("https://www.example.com/Page/", "http://example.com/Miss"),
  ValB = c("x", "y"), stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)

canonical_join(
  A, B,
  protocol_handling = "strip",
  www_handling = "strip",
  case_handling = "lower_host",
  trailing_slash_handling = "strip"
)

Get cleaned URLs

Description

This function returns the cleaned version of the URLs after applying protocol, www, case, and trailing slash handling rules. The result is a normalized canonical key composed of scheme, host, and path only; port, query, fragment, and userinfo are intentionally excluded (use get_port, get_query, get_fragment, or get_userinfo for those).

Usage

get_clean_url(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  case_handling = "lower_host",
  trailing_slash_handling = "none",
  index_page_handling = "keep",
  path_normalization = "none",
  scheme_relative_handling = "keep",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  host_encoding = "keep",
  path_encoding = "keep"
)
get_clean_url(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  case_handling = "lower_host",
  trailing_slash_handling = "none",
  index_page_handling = "keep",
  path_normalization = "none",
  scheme_relative_handling = "keep",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  host_encoding = "keep",
  path_encoding = "keep"
)

Arguments

url

A character vector containing URLs to be parsed.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

www_handling

A character string specifying how to handle "www" and "www[number]" prefixes in the host. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) Leaves the host's www prefix (or lack thereof) untouched.
"strip": Removes any "www." or "www[number]." prefix.
"keep": Ensures the host starts with "www.". If it has "www[number].", it's normalized to "www.". If no www prefix, "www." is added. An empty input host remains empty.
"if_no_subdomain": If the host is a bare registered domain (e.g., "example.com"), "www." is added. If the host already has a "www." or "www[number]." prefix, it is normalized to "www." (e.g., "www1.example.com" becomes "www.example.com"; "www1.sub.example.com" becomes "www.sub.example.com"). If a non-www subdomain exists (e.g., "sub.example.com" or the normalized "www.sub.example.com"), the host is not further altered. An empty input host remains empty.

source

Which PSL source to use: "all", "private", or "icann". Subdomain trimming depends on which section is consulted, so pass source = "icann" to exclude private suffixes (e.g. github.io).

case_handling

A character string specifying how to handle the case of the cleaned URL. Defaults to "lower_host", the RFC 3986 §6.2.2.1 normalization (scheme and host are case-insensitive and folded to lowercase; the path is case-sensitive and preserved).

"lower_host": (Default) Lowercases scheme and host only; the path keeps its original casing.
"keep": Preserves casing of the reconstructed URL.
"lower": Converts the cleaned URL to lowercase.
"upper": Converts the cleaned URL to uppercase.

trailing_slash_handling

A character string specifying how to handle trailing slashes in the path component of the cleaned URL. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) No specific handling is applied. Path remains as is after initial parsing.
"keep": Ensures a trailing slash. If a path exists and doesn't end with one, it's added. If path is just "/", it's kept.
"strip": Removes a trailing slash if present, unless the path is solely "/".

index_page_handling

A character string specifying how to handle index/default pages. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": (Default) Leave index/default page segments untouched.
"strip": Remove a trailing index.* or default.* segment (case-insensitive).

path_normalization

How to normalize path structure. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) No normalization.
"collapse_slashes": Collapse duplicate slashes in the path.
"dot_segments": Resolve . and .. segments per RFC 3986.
"both": Apply both collapse_slashes and dot_segments.

scheme_relative_handling

How to handle URLs starting with "//". Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Parse using http but return scheme as NA and set status to "ok-scheme-relative".
"http": Assume http for parsing and output.
"https": Assume https for parsing and output.
"error": Treat scheme-relative URLs as invalid.

subdomain_levels_to_keep

An integer or NULL. Determines how many levels of subdomains are kept, in addition to any 'www.' prefix handled by 'www_handling'.

'NULL': (Default) No specific subdomain stripping is performed beyond 'www_handling'.
'0': All subdomains are stripped. If 'www_handling' preserved or added 'www.', it remains (e.g., 'www.sub.example.com' becomes 'www.example.com'; 'sub.example.com' becomes 'example.com').
'N > 0': Keeps up to N levels of subdomains, counted from right-to-left (closest to the registered domain), in addition to any 'www.' prefix. E.g., if N=1, 'three.two.one.example.com' becomes 'one.example.com'; 'www.three.two.one.example.com' (post www_handling) becomes 'www.one.example.com'.

host_encoding

How to present the host in 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave host as parsed by curl (may preserve original case).
"idna": Convert Unicode host labels to Punycode (IDNA) for the cleaned URL.
"unicode": Decode Punycode labels to Unicode for the cleaned URL.

path_encoding

How to handle percent-encoding in the path for 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave the path percent-encoding untouched.
"encode": Normalize by decoding first, then percent-encoding each segment (slashes preserved).
"decode": Percent-decode UTF-8 sequences in the path.

Value

A character vector of cleaned URLs.

Examples

get_clean_url("Example.COM/Path") # Default lower_host: host folds, path kept
get_clean_url(
  "Example.COM/Path",
  case_handling = "keep",
  trailing_slash_handling = "keep"
)
get_clean_url(
  "Example.COM/Path/",
  case_handling = "upper",
  trailing_slash_handling = "strip"
)
get_clean_url("http://example.com", www_handling = "strip")
get_clean_url(
  "http://deep.sub.domain.example.com/path",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 0
)
# -> "http://example.com/path"
get_clean_url(
  "http://www.deep.sub.domain.example.com/path",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1,
  www_handling = "strip"
)
# -> "http://domain.example.com/path"
get_clean_url(
  "http://www.deep.sub.domain.example.com/path",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1,
  www_handling = "keep"
)
# -> "http://www.domain.example.com/path"
get_clean_url("Example.COM/Path") # Default lower_host: host folds, path kept
get_clean_url(
  "Example.COM/Path",
  case_handling = "keep",
  trailing_slash_handling = "keep"
)
get_clean_url(
  "Example.COM/Path/",
  case_handling = "upper",
  trailing_slash_handling = "strip"
)
get_clean_url("http://example.com", www_handling = "strip")
get_clean_url(
  "http://deep.sub.domain.example.com/path",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 0
)
# -> "http://example.com/path"
get_clean_url(
  "http://www.deep.sub.domain.example.com/path",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1,
  www_handling = "strip"
)
# -> "http://domain.example.com/path"
get_clean_url(
  "http://www.deep.sub.domain.example.com/path",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1,
  www_handling = "keep"
)
# -> "http://www.domain.example.com/path"

Get domain names

Description

Extracts the registered domain name from a URL (e.g., "example.com"). Relies on the Public Suffix List.

Usage

get_domain(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode")
)
get_domain(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode")
)

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

www_handling

A character string specifying how to handle "www" and "www[number]" prefixes in the host. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) Leaves the host's www prefix (or lack thereof) untouched.
"strip": Removes any "www." or "www[number]." prefix.
"keep": Ensures the host starts with "www.". If it has "www[number].", it's normalized to "www.". If no www prefix, "www." is added. An empty input host remains empty.
"if_no_subdomain": If the host is a bare registered domain (e.g., "example.com"), "www." is added. If the host already has a "www." or "www[number]." prefix, it is normalized to "www." (e.g., "www1.example.com" becomes "www.example.com"; "www1.sub.example.com" becomes "www.sub.example.com"). If a non-www subdomain exists (e.g., "sub.example.com" or the normalized "www.sub.example.com"), the host is not further altered. An empty input host remains empty.

subdomain_levels_to_keep

An integer or NULL. Determines how many levels of subdomains are kept, in addition to any 'www.' prefix handled by 'www_handling'.

'NULL': (Default) No specific subdomain stripping is performed beyond 'www_handling'.
'0': All subdomains are stripped. If 'www_handling' preserved or added 'www.', it remains (e.g., 'www.sub.example.com' becomes 'www.example.com'; 'sub.example.com' becomes 'example.com').
'N > 0': Keeps up to N levels of subdomains, counted from right-to-left (closest to the registered domain), in addition to any 'www.' prefix. E.g., if N=1, 'three.two.one.example.com' becomes 'one.example.com'; 'www.three.two.one.example.com' (post www_handling) becomes 'www.one.example.com'.

source

Which PSL source to use: "all", "private", or "icann".

host_encoding

How to present the host in 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave host as parsed by curl (may preserve original case).
"idna": Convert Unicode host labels to Punycode (IDNA) for the cleaned URL.
"unicode": Decode Punycode labels to Unicode for the cleaned URL.

Value

A character vector of domain names.

Examples

get_domain("http://www.example.co.uk/path")
get_domain("http://www.example.co.uk/path")

Get URL fragments

Description

Extracts the fragment component of a URL.

Usage

get_fragment(url, protocol_handling = "keep")
get_fragment(url, protocol_handling = "keep")

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

Value

A character vector of fragments.

Examples

get_fragment("http://example.com/path#section")
get_fragment("http://example.com/path#section")

Get URL hosts

Description

Extracts the host component of a URL.

Usage

get_host(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  case_handling = c("lower", "keep", "upper", "lower_host"),
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode")
)
get_host(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  case_handling = c("lower", "keep", "upper", "lower_host"),
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode")
)

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

www_handling

A character string specifying how to handle "www" and "www[number]" prefixes in the host. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) Leaves the host's www prefix (or lack thereof) untouched.
"strip": Removes any "www." or "www[number]." prefix.
"keep": Ensures the host starts with "www.". If it has "www[number].", it's normalized to "www.". If no www prefix, "www." is added. An empty input host remains empty.
"if_no_subdomain": If the host is a bare registered domain (e.g., "example.com"), "www." is added. If the host already has a "www." or "www[number]." prefix, it is normalized to "www." (e.g., "www1.example.com" becomes "www.example.com"; "www1.sub.example.com" becomes "www.sub.example.com"). If a non-www subdomain exists (e.g., "sub.example.com" or the normalized "www.sub.example.com"), the host is not further altered. An empty input host remains empty.

source

Which PSL source to use: "all", "private", or "icann". Subdomain trimming depends on which section is consulted, so pass source = "icann" to exclude private suffixes (e.g. github.io).

subdomain_levels_to_keep

An integer or NULL. Determines how many levels of subdomains are kept, in addition to any 'www.' prefix handled by 'www_handling'.

'NULL': (Default) No specific subdomain stripping is performed beyond 'www_handling'.
'0': All subdomains are stripped. If 'www_handling' preserved or added 'www.', it remains (e.g., 'www.sub.example.com' becomes 'www.example.com'; 'sub.example.com' becomes 'example.com').
'N > 0': Keeps up to N levels of subdomains, counted from right-to-left (closest to the registered domain), in addition to any 'www.' prefix. E.g., if N=1, 'three.two.one.example.com' becomes 'one.example.com'; 'www.three.two.one.example.com' (post www_handling) becomes 'www.one.example.com'.

case_handling

How to handle casing of the returned host. Defaults to "lower".

host_encoding

How to present the host in 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave host as parsed by curl (may preserve original case).
"idna": Convert Unicode host labels to Punycode (IDNA) for the cleaned URL.
"unicode": Decode Punycode labels to Unicode for the cleaned URL.

Value

A character vector of URL hosts.

Examples

get_host("http://sub.example.com:8080")
get_host(
  "http://www.two.one.example.com",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1
) # Result: "www.one.example.com"
get_host(
  "http://www.two.one.example.com",
  www_handling = "strip",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1
) # Result: "one.example.com"
get_host(
  "http://www.two.one.example.com",
  www_handling = "keep",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1
) # Result: "www.one.example.com"
get_host(
  "http://three.two.one.example.com",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 0
) # Result: "example.com"
get_host(
  "http://www.three.two.one.example.com",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 0
) # Result: "www.example.com"
get_host("http://sub.example.com:8080")
get_host(
  "http://www.two.one.example.com",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1
) # Result: "www.one.example.com"
get_host(
  "http://www.two.one.example.com",
  www_handling = "strip",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1
) # Result: "one.example.com"
get_host(
  "http://www.two.one.example.com",
  www_handling = "keep",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 1
) # Result: "www.one.example.com"
get_host(
  "http://three.two.one.example.com",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 0
) # Result: "example.com"
get_host(
  "http://www.three.two.one.example.com",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = 0
) # Result: "www.example.com"

Get the parse status of URLs

Description

Get the parse status of URLs

Usage

get_parse_status(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  source = c("all", "private", "icann")
)
get_parse_status(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  source = c("all", "private", "icann")
)

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs to be parsed.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

www_handling

A character string specifying how to handle "www" and "www[number]" prefixes in the host. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) Leaves the host's www prefix (or lack thereof) untouched.
"strip": Removes any "www." or "www[number]." prefix.
"keep": Ensures the host starts with "www.". If it has "www[number].", it's normalized to "www.". If no www prefix, "www." is added. An empty input host remains empty.
"if_no_subdomain": If the host is a bare registered domain (e.g., "example.com"), "www." is added. If the host already has a "www." or "www[number]." prefix, it is normalized to "www." (e.g., "www1.example.com" becomes "www.example.com"; "www1.sub.example.com" becomes "www.sub.example.com"). If a non-www subdomain exists (e.g., "sub.example.com" or the normalized "www.sub.example.com"), the host is not further altered. An empty input host remains empty.

subdomain_levels_to_keep

An integer or NULL. Determines how many levels of subdomains are kept, in addition to any 'www.' prefix handled by 'www_handling'.

'NULL': (Default) No specific subdomain stripping is performed beyond 'www_handling'.
'0': All subdomains are stripped. If 'www_handling' preserved or added 'www.', it remains (e.g., 'www.sub.example.com' becomes 'www.example.com'; 'sub.example.com' becomes 'example.com').
'N > 0': Keeps up to N levels of subdomains, counted from right-to-left (closest to the registered domain), in addition to any 'www.' prefix. E.g., if N=1, 'three.two.one.example.com' becomes 'one.example.com'; 'www.three.two.one.example.com' (post www_handling) becomes 'www.one.example.com'.

source

Which PSL source to use: "all", "private", or "icann". Warning statuses such as warning-no-tld, warning-invalid-tld, and warning-public-suffix depend on which PSL section is consulted, so pass source = "icann" to use only ICANN-managed TLDs.

Value

A character vector with the parse status of each URL.

Examples

get_parse_status(
  c("http://example.com", "ftp://example.com", "mailto:[email protected]")
)
get_parse_status(c("http://example.com", "not-a-url"))
get_parse_status("http://example.com", source = "icann")
get_parse_status(
  c("http://example.com", "ftp://example.com", "mailto:[email protected]")
)
get_parse_status(c("http://example.com", "not-a-url"))
get_parse_status("http://example.com", source = "icann")

Get URL passwords

Description

Extracts the password component of a URL.

Usage

get_password(url, protocol_handling = "keep")
get_password(url, protocol_handling = "keep")

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

Value

A character vector of passwords.

Examples

get_password("ftp://alice:[email protected]/file.txt")
get_password("ftp://alice:[email protected]/file.txt")

Get URL paths

Description

Extracts the path component of a URL.

Usage

get_path(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  case_handling = c("lower_host", "keep", "lower", "upper"),
  trailing_slash_handling = c("none", "keep", "strip"),
  index_page_handling = c("keep", "strip"),
  path_normalization = c("none", "collapse_slashes", "dot_segments", "both"),
  path_encoding = c("keep", "encode", "decode")
)
get_path(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  case_handling = c("lower_host", "keep", "lower", "upper"),
  trailing_slash_handling = c("none", "keep", "strip"),
  index_page_handling = c("keep", "strip"),
  path_normalization = c("none", "collapse_slashes", "dot_segments", "both"),
  path_encoding = c("keep", "encode", "decode")
)

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

case_handling

How to handle casing of the returned path. Defaults to "lower_host", which preserves the path's original casing (paths are case-sensitive per RFC 3986 §6.2.2.1). Use "lower"/"upper" to force a case.

trailing_slash_handling

A character string specifying how to handle trailing slashes in the path component of the cleaned URL. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) No specific handling is applied. Path remains as is after initial parsing.
"keep": Ensures a trailing slash. If a path exists and doesn't end with one, it's added. If path is just "/", it's kept.
"strip": Removes a trailing slash if present, unless the path is solely "/".

index_page_handling

A character string specifying how to handle index/default pages. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": (Default) Leave index/default page segments untouched.
"strip": Remove a trailing index.* or default.* segment (case-insensitive).

path_normalization

How to normalize path structure. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) No normalization.
"collapse_slashes": Collapse duplicate slashes in the path.
"dot_segments": Resolve . and .. segments per RFC 3986.
"both": Apply both collapse_slashes and dot_segments.

path_encoding

How to handle percent-encoding in the path for 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave the path percent-encoding untouched.
"encode": Normalize by decoding first, then percent-encoding each segment (slashes preserved).
"decode": Percent-decode UTF-8 sequences in the path.

Value

A character vector of URL paths.

Examples

get_path("http://example.com/some/path?query=1")
get_path("http://example.com/some/path?query=1")

Get URL ports

Description

Extracts the port component of a URL.

Usage

get_port(url, protocol_handling = "keep")
get_port(url, protocol_handling = "keep")

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

Value

An integer vector of ports.

Examples

get_port("http://example.com:8080/path")
get_port("http://example.com:8080/path")

Get URL query strings

Description

Extracts the query component of a URL, optionally parsing it into a list.

Usage

get_query(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  format = c("string", "list"),
  decode = TRUE
)
get_query(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  format = c("string", "list"),
  decode = TRUE
)

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

format

Return format: "string" (default) or "list" for parsed elements.

decode

Logical; if TRUE and format="list", percent-decodes keys/values.

Value

A character vector (format="string") or list (format="list").

Examples

get_query("http://example.com/path?a=1&b=2")
get_query("http://example.com/path?a=1&b=2", format = "list")
get_query("http://example.com/path?a=1&b=2")
get_query("http://example.com/path?a=1&b=2", format = "list")

Get URL schemes

Description

Extracts the scheme (protocol) of a URL.

Usage

get_scheme(url, protocol_handling = "keep", scheme_relative_handling = "keep")
get_scheme(url, protocol_handling = "keep", scheme_relative_handling = "keep")

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

scheme_relative_handling

How to handle URLs starting with "//". Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Parse using http but return scheme as NA and set status to "ok-scheme-relative".
"http": Assume http for parsing and output.
"https": Assume https for parsing and output.
"error": Treat scheme-relative URLs as invalid.

Value

A character vector of URL schemes.

Examples

get_scheme("https://example.com")
get_scheme("https://example.com")

Get URL subdomains

Description

Extracts the subdomain component of a URL.

Usage

get_subdomain(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  include_www = FALSE,
  format = c("string", "labels"),
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode")
)
get_subdomain(
  url,
  protocol_handling = "keep",
  www_handling = "none",
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  include_www = FALSE,
  format = c("string", "labels"),
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode")
)

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

www_handling

A character string specifying how to handle "www" and "www[number]" prefixes in the host. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) Leaves the host's www prefix (or lack thereof) untouched.
"strip": Removes any "www." or "www[number]." prefix.
"keep": Ensures the host starts with "www.". If it has "www[number].", it's normalized to "www.". If no www prefix, "www." is added. An empty input host remains empty.
"if_no_subdomain": If the host is a bare registered domain (e.g., "example.com"), "www." is added. If the host already has a "www." or "www[number]." prefix, it is normalized to "www." (e.g., "www1.example.com" becomes "www.example.com"; "www1.sub.example.com" becomes "www.sub.example.com"). If a non-www subdomain exists (e.g., "sub.example.com" or the normalized "www.sub.example.com"), the host is not further altered. An empty input host remains empty.

source

Which PSL source to use: "all", "private", or "icann".

include_www

Logical; if FALSE (default), removes a leading www/www[0-9]* label only when it is the sole subdomain label.

format

Return format: "string" (default) or "labels" for a character vector of labels.

host_encoding

How to present the host in 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave host as parsed by curl (may preserve original case).
"idna": Convert Unicode host labels to Punycode (IDNA) for the cleaned URL.
"unicode": Decode Punycode labels to Unicode for the cleaned URL.

Value

A character vector (format="string") or list of label vectors (format="labels").

Examples

get_subdomain("http://www.blog.example.co.uk")
get_subdomain("http://www.blog.example.co.uk", format = "labels")
get_subdomain("http://www.blog.example.co.uk")
get_subdomain("http://www.blog.example.co.uk", format = "labels")

Extract the top-level domain (TLD) from a URL

Description

Uses safe_parse_url internally to extract the TLD, benefiting from all memoization layers for improved performance.

Usage

get_tld(
  url,
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode")
)
get_tld(
  url,
  source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode")
)

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

source

Which TLD source to use: "all", "icann", or "private".

host_encoding

How to present the host in 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave host as parsed by curl (may preserve original case).
"idna": Convert Unicode host labels to Punycode (IDNA) for the cleaned URL.
"unicode": Decode Punycode labels to Unicode for the cleaned URL.

Value

A character vector of TLDs.

Examples

get_tld("example.com")
get_tld("example.com")

Get URL user names

Description

Extracts the user component of a URL.

Usage

get_user(url, protocol_handling = "keep")
get_user(url, protocol_handling = "keep")

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

Value

A character vector of user names.

Examples

get_user("ftp://alice:[email protected]/file.txt")
get_user("ftp://alice:[email protected]/file.txt")

Get URL userinfo

Description

Extracts the userinfo component of a URL (user or user:password).

Usage

get_userinfo(url, protocol_handling = "keep")
get_userinfo(url, protocol_handling = "keep")

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

Value

A character vector of userinfo values.

Examples

get_userinfo("ftp://alice:[email protected]/file.txt")
get_userinfo("ftp://[email protected]/file.txt")
get_userinfo("ftp://alice:[email protected]/file.txt")
get_userinfo("ftp://[email protected]/file.txt")

Configure the rurl memoization caches

Description

Enables or disables individual caches and sets an optional bound on the full_parse cache. Called with no arguments, it leaves the configuration unchanged and returns the current state.

Usage

rurl_cache_config(
  full_parse = NULL,
  puny_encode = NULL,
  puny_decode = NULL,
  max_full_parse = NULL
)
rurl_cache_config(
  full_parse = NULL,
  puny_encode = NULL,
  puny_decode = NULL,
  max_full_parse = NULL
)

Arguments

full_parse

Logical; enable/disable the full URL parse cache.

puny_encode

Logical; enable/disable the IDNA/Punycode encode cache.

puny_decode

Logical; enable/disable the Punycode decode cache.

max_full_parse

A single number ( $\ge 1$ ) or Inf bounding the full_parse cache.

Details

Disabling a cache stops new writes to it (existing entries are left in place until rurl_clear_caches is called). When full_parse reaches max_full_parse entries, the entire cache is cleared before the next new entry is stored, so its peak size never exceeds the bound. This is a hard reset-watermark, not an LRU or FIFO eviction policy: max_full_parse caps peak memory, but is not a working-set size — once the bound is hit the cache empties completely and rebuilds from scratch. The default of Inf preserves the historical unbounded behavior. The puny_encode and puny_decode caches are unbounded by design (each stays small — bounded by the number of unique hosts/labels seen, not URL+option combinations).

Value

Invisibly, the updated rurl_cache_info data.frame.

Examples

rurl_cache_config(max_full_parse = 10000)
rurl_cache_config(puny_encode = FALSE)
rurl_cache_config() # inspect current configuration
rurl_cache_config(max_full_parse = 10000)
rurl_cache_config(puny_encode = FALSE)
rurl_cache_config() # inspect current configuration

Inspect the rurl memoization caches

Description

Reports the number of entries currently held in each memoization cache, along with whether the cache is enabled and any configured entry bound.

Usage

rurl_cache_info()
rurl_cache_info()

Value

A data.frame with one row per cache (full_parse, puny_encode, puny_decode) and columns entries, enabled, and max_entries.

Examples

get_domain("https://www.example.com")
rurl_cache_info()
get_domain("https://www.example.com")
rurl_cache_info()

Clear all rurl caches

Description

Clears the memoization caches used by rurl functions. This is useful if you need to free memory.

Usage

rurl_clear_caches()
rurl_clear_caches()

Value

Invisibly returns NULL.

Examples

rurl_clear_caches()
rurl_clear_caches()

Parse multiple URLs and return a data.frame of components

Description

Vectorized wrapper around safe_parse_url that returns a data.frame with one row per input URL.

Usage

safe_parse_urls(
  url,
  protocol_handling = c("keep", "none", "strip", "http", "https"),
  www_handling = c("none", "strip", "keep", "if_no_subdomain"),
  tld_source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  case_handling = c("lower_host", "keep", "lower", "upper"),
  trailing_slash_handling = c("none", "keep", "strip"),
  index_page_handling = c("keep", "strip"),
  path_normalization = c("none", "collapse_slashes", "dot_segments", "both"),
  scheme_relative_handling = c("keep", "http", "https", "error"),
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode"),
  path_encoding = c("keep", "encode", "decode")
)
safe_parse_urls(
  url,
  protocol_handling = c("keep", "none", "strip", "http", "https"),
  www_handling = c("none", "strip", "keep", "if_no_subdomain"),
  tld_source = c("all", "private", "icann"),
  case_handling = c("lower_host", "keep", "lower", "upper"),
  trailing_slash_handling = c("none", "keep", "strip"),
  index_page_handling = c("keep", "strip"),
  path_normalization = c("none", "collapse_slashes", "dot_segments", "both"),
  scheme_relative_handling = c("keep", "http", "https", "error"),
  subdomain_levels_to_keep = NULL,
  host_encoding = c("keep", "idna", "unicode"),
  path_encoding = c("keep", "encode", "decode")
)

Arguments

url

A character vector of URLs to be parsed.

protocol_handling

A character string specifying how to handle protocols. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": If a scheme exists (http, https, ftp, ftps), it's used. If no scheme, "http://" is added.
"none": If a scheme exists, it's used. If no scheme, then no scheme is used (scheme component will be NA).
"strip": Any existing scheme is removed (scheme component will be NA).
"http": The scheme is forced to be "http".
"https": The scheme is forced to be "https".

www_handling

A character string specifying how to handle "www" and "www[number]" prefixes in the host. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) Leaves the host's www prefix (or lack thereof) untouched.
"strip": Removes any "www." or "www[number]." prefix.
"keep": Ensures the host starts with "www.". If it has "www[number].", it's normalized to "www.". If no www prefix, "www." is added. An empty input host remains empty.
"if_no_subdomain": If the host is a bare registered domain (e.g., "example.com"), "www." is added. If the host already has a "www." or "www[number]." prefix, it is normalized to "www." (e.g., "www1.example.com" becomes "www.example.com"; "www1.sub.example.com" becomes "www.sub.example.com"). If a non-www subdomain exists (e.g., "sub.example.com" or the normalized "www.sub.example.com"), the host is not further altered. An empty input host remains empty.

tld_source

Which TLD source to use for TLD extraction: "all", "icann", or "private". Defaults to "all".

case_handling

"lower_host": (Default) Lowercases scheme and host only; the path keeps its original casing.
"keep": Preserves casing of the reconstructed URL.
"lower": Converts the cleaned URL to lowercase.
"upper": Converts the cleaned URL to uppercase.

trailing_slash_handling

A character string specifying how to handle trailing slashes in the path component of the cleaned URL. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) No specific handling is applied. Path remains as is after initial parsing.
"keep": Ensures a trailing slash. If a path exists and doesn't end with one, it's added. If path is just "/", it's kept.
"strip": Removes a trailing slash if present, unless the path is solely "/".

index_page_handling

A character string specifying how to handle index/default pages. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": (Default) Leave index/default page segments untouched.
"strip": Remove a trailing index.* or default.* segment (case-insensitive).

path_normalization

How to normalize path structure. Defaults to "none".

"none": (Default) No normalization.
"collapse_slashes": Collapse duplicate slashes in the path.
"dot_segments": Resolve . and .. segments per RFC 3986.
"both": Apply both collapse_slashes and dot_segments.

scheme_relative_handling

How to handle URLs starting with "//". Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Parse using http but return scheme as NA and set status to "ok-scheme-relative".
"http": Assume http for parsing and output.
"https": Assume https for parsing and output.
"error": Treat scheme-relative URLs as invalid.

subdomain_levels_to_keep

An integer or NULL. Determines how many levels of subdomains are kept, in addition to any 'www.' prefix handled by 'www_handling'.

'NULL': (Default) No specific subdomain stripping is performed beyond 'www_handling'.
'0': All subdomains are stripped. If 'www_handling' preserved or added 'www.', it remains (e.g., 'www.sub.example.com' becomes 'www.example.com'; 'sub.example.com' becomes 'example.com').
'N > 0': Keeps up to N levels of subdomains, counted from right-to-left (closest to the registered domain), in addition to any 'www.' prefix. E.g., if N=1, 'three.two.one.example.com' becomes 'one.example.com'; 'www.three.two.one.example.com' (post www_handling) becomes 'www.one.example.com'.

host_encoding

How to present the host in 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave host as parsed by curl (may preserve original case).
"idna": Convert Unicode host labels to Punycode (IDNA) for the cleaned URL.
"unicode": Decode Punycode labels to Unicode for the cleaned URL.

path_encoding

How to handle percent-encoding in the path for 'clean_url'. Defaults to "keep".

"keep": Leave the path percent-encoding untouched.
"encode": Normalize by decoding first, then percent-encoding each segment (slashes preserved).
"decode": Percent-decode UTF-8 sequences in the path.

Value

A data.frame with one row per URL and the same fields returned by safe_parse_url. Invalid inputs return NA fields with parse_status = "error".

Examples

safe_parse_urls(c("example.com", "https://www.example.com/path"))
safe_parse_urls(c("example.com", "https://www.example.com/path"))

Package 'rurl'

Help Index

Canonical Join of Two URL Sets (Base R Version)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get cleaned URLs

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get domain names

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get URL fragments

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get URL hosts

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get the parse status of URLs

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get URL passwords

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get URL paths

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get URL ports

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get URL query strings

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get URL schemes

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Get URL subdomains

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Extract the top-level domain (TLD) from a URL

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples